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Rework README and documentation

Browse source 
The README.md page is HUGE. Split it up.

Also document audio forwarding and improve installation instructions for
each platform and user documentation.

PR #3774 <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/pull/3774>
This commit is contained in:
Romain Vimont 2023-03-04 08:56:35 +01:00
parent 05a55e3687
commit f12590ed08
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@ -164,32 +164,6 @@ keyboard][hid] (HID).
## Client issues
### The quality is low
If the definition of your client window is smaller than that of your device
screen, then you might get poor quality, especially visible on text (see [#40]).
[#40]: https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/40
This problem should be fixed in scrcpy v1.22: **update to the latest version**.
On older versions, you must configure the [scaling behavior]:
> `scrcpy.exe` > Properties > Compatibility > Change high DPI settings >
> Override high DPI scaling behavior > Scaling performed by: _Application_.
[scaling behavior]: https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/40#issuecomment-424466723
Also, to improve downscaling quality, trilinear filtering is enabled
automatically if the renderer is OpenGL and if it supports mipmapping.
On Windows, you might want to force OpenGL to enable mipmapping:
```
scrcpy --render-driver=opengl
```
### Issue with Wayland
By default, SDL uses x11 on Linux. The [video driver] can be changed via the
@ -224,102 +198,15 @@ As a workaround, [disable "Block compositing"][kwin].
### Exception
There may be many reasons. One common cause is that the hardware encoder of your
device is not able to encode at the given definition:
> ```
> ERROR: Exception on thread Thread[main,5,main]
> android.media.MediaCodec$CodecException: Error 0xfffffc0e
> ...
> Exit due to uncaughtException in main thread:
> ERROR: Could not open video stream
> INFO: Initial texture: 1080x2336
> ```
or
> ```
> ERROR: Exception on thread Thread[main,5,main]
> java.lang.IllegalStateException
> at android.media.MediaCodec.native_dequeueOutputBuffer(Native Method)
> ```
Just try with a lower definition:
If you get any exception related to `MediaCodec`:
```
scrcpy -m 1920
scrcpy -m 1024
scrcpy -m 800
ERROR: Exception on thread Thread[main,5,main]
java.lang.IllegalStateException
at android.media.MediaCodec.native_dequeueOutputBuffer(Native Method)
```
Since scrcpy v1.22, scrcpy automatically tries again with a lower definition
before failing. This behavior can be disabled with `--no-downsize-on-error`.
You could also try another [encoder](README.md#encoder).
If you encounter this exception on Android 12, then just upgrade to scrcpy >=
1.18 (see [#2129]):
```
> ERROR: Exception on thread Thread[main,5,main]
java.lang.AssertionError: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at com.genymobile.scrcpy.wrappers.SurfaceControl.setDisplaySurface(SurfaceControl.java:75)
...
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.genymobile.scrcpy.wrappers.SurfaceControl.setDisplaySurface(SurfaceControl.java:73)
... 7 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: displayToken must not be null
at android.view.SurfaceControl$Transaction.setDisplaySurface(SurfaceControl.java:3067)
at android.view.SurfaceControl.setDisplaySurface(SurfaceControl.java:2147)
... 9 more
```
[#2129]: https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/2129
## Command line on Windows
Since v1.22, a "shortcut" has been added to directly open a terminal in the
scrcpy directory. Double-click on `open_a_terminal_here.bat`, then type your
command. For example:
```
scrcpy --record file.mkv
```
You could also open a terminal and go to the scrcpy folder manually:
1. Press <kbd>Windows</kbd>+<kbd>r</kbd>, this opens a dialog box.
2. Type `cmd` and press <kbd>Enter</kbd>, this opens a terminal.
3. Go to your _scrcpy_ directory, by typing (adapt the path):
```bat
cd C:\Users\user\Downloads\scrcpy-win64-xxx
```
and press <kbd>Enter</kbd>
4. Type your command. For example:
```bat
scrcpy --record file.mkv
```
If you plan to always use the same arguments, create a file `myscrcpy.bat`
(enable [show file extensions] to avoid confusion) in the `scrcpy` directory,
containing your command. For example:
```bat
scrcpy --prefer-text --turn-screen-off --stay-awake
```
Then just double-click on that file.
You could also edit (a copy of) `scrcpy-console.bat` or `scrcpy-noconsole.vbs`
to add some arguments.
[show file extensions]: https://www.howtogeek.com/205086/beginner-how-to-make-windows-show-file-extensions/
then try with another [encoder](doc/video.md#codec).
## Translations

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# Audio
Audio forwarding is supported for devices with Android 11 or higher, and it is
enabled by default:
- For **Android 12 or newer**, it works out-of-the-box.
- For **Android 11**, you'll need to ensure that the device screen is unlocked
when starting scrcpy. A fake popup will briefly appear to make the system
think that the shell app is in the foreground. Without this, audio capture
will fail.
- For **Android 10 or earlier**, audio cannot be captured and is automatically
disabled.
If audio capture fails, then mirroring continues with video only (since audio is
enabled by default, it is not acceptable to make scrcpy fail if it is not
available), unless `--require-audio` is set.
## No audio
To disable audio:
```
scrcpy --no-audio
```
## Codec
The audio codec can be selected. The possible values are `opus` (default), `aac`
and `raw` (uncompressed PCM 16-bit LE):
```bash
scrcpy --audio-codec=opus # default
scrcpy --audio-codec=aac
scrcpy --audio-codec=raw
```
Several encoders may be available on the device. They can be listed by:
```bash
scrcpy --list-encoders
```
To select a specific encoder:
```
scrcpy --audio-codec=opus --audio-encoder='c2.android.opus.encoder'
```
For advanced usage, to pass arbitrary parameters to the [`MediaFormat`],
check `--audio-codec-options` in the manpage or in `scrcpy --help`.
[`MediaFormat`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/media/MediaFormat
## Bit rate
The default video bit-rate is 128Kbps. To change it:
```bash
scrcpy --audio-bit-rate=64K
scrcpy --audio-bit-rate=64000 # equivalent
```
_This parameter does not apply to RAW audio codec (`--audio-codec=raw`)._
## Buffering
Audio buffering is unavoidable. It must be kept small enough so that the latency
is acceptable, but large enough to minimize buffer underrun (causing audio
glitches).
The default buffer size is set to 50ms. It can be adjusted:
```bash
scrcpy --audio-buffer=40 # smaller than default
scrcpy --audio-buffer=100 # higher than default
```
Note that this option changes the _target_ buffering. It is possible that this
target buffering might not be reached (on frequent buffer underflow typically).
If you don't interact with the device (to watch a video for example), a higher
latency (for both [video](video.md#buffering) and audio) might be preferable to
avoid glitches and smooth the playback:
```
scrcpy --display-buffer=200 --audio-buffer=200
```

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@ -2,57 +2,16 @@
Here are the instructions to build _scrcpy_ (client and server).
## Simple
If you just want to install the latest release from `master`, follow this
simplified process.
First, you need to install the required packages:
```bash
# for Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt install ffmpeg libsdl2-2.0-0 adb wget \
gcc git pkg-config meson ninja-build libsdl2-dev \
libavcodec-dev libavdevice-dev libavformat-dev libavutil-dev \
libswresample-dev libusb-1.0-0 libusb-1.0-0-dev
```
Then clone the repo and execute the installation script
([source](install_release.sh)):
```bash
git clone https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy
cd scrcpy
./install_release.sh
```
When a new release is out, update the repo and reinstall:
```bash
git pull
./install_release.sh
```
To uninstall:
```bash
sudo ninja -Cbuild-auto uninstall
```
If you just want to build and install the latest release, follow the simplified
process described in [doc/linux.md](linux.md).
## Branches
### `master`
The `master` branch concerns the latest release, and is the home page of the
project on GitHub.
### `dev`
`dev` is the current development branch. Every commit present in `dev` will be
in the next release.
There are two main branches:
- `master`: contains the latest release. It is the home page of the project on
GitHub.
- `dev`: the current development branch. Every commit present in `dev` will be
in the next release.
If you want to contribute code, please base your commits on the latest `dev`
branch.
@ -69,6 +28,8 @@ the following files to a directory accessible from your `PATH`:
- `AdbWinApi.dll`
- `AdbWinUsbApi.dll`
It is also available in scrcpy releases.
The client requires [FFmpeg] and [LibSDL2]. Just follow the instructions.
[adb]: https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/adb.html
@ -314,7 +275,8 @@ This installs several files:
- `/usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions/_scrcpy` (zsh completion)
- `/usr/local/share/bash-completion/completions/scrcpy` (bash completion)
You can then [run](README.md#run) `scrcpy`.
You can then run `scrcpy`.
### Uninstall

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@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
# Control
## Read-only
To disable controls (everything which can interact with the device: input keys,
mouse events, drag&drop files):
```bash
scrcpy --no-control
scrcpy -n # short version
```
## Text injection preference
Two kinds of [events][textevents] are generated when typing text:
- _key events_, signaling that a key is pressed or released;
- _text events_, signaling that a text has been entered.
By default, letters are injected using key events, so that the keyboard behaves
as expected in games (typically for WASD keys).
But this may [cause issues][prefertext]. If you encounter such a problem, you
can avoid it by:
```bash
scrcpy --prefer-text
```
(but this will break keyboard behavior in games)
On the contrary, you could force to always inject raw key events:
```bash
scrcpy --raw-key-events
```
These options have no effect on HID keyboard (all key events are sent as
scancodes in this mode).
[textevents]: https://blog.rom1v.com/2018/03/introducing-scrcpy/#handle-text-input
[prefertext]: https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/650#issuecomment-512945343
## Copy-paste
Any time the Android clipboard changes, it is automatically synchronized to the
computer clipboard.
Any <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> shortcut is forwarded to the device. In particular:
- <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>c</kbd> typically copies
- <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>x</kbd> typically cuts
- <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>v</kbd> typically pastes (after computer-to-device
clipboard synchronization)
This typically works as you expect.
The actual behavior depends on the active application though. For example,
_Termux_ sends SIGINT on <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>c</kbd> instead, and _K-9 Mail_
composes a new message.
To copy, cut and paste in such cases (but only supported on Android >= 7):
- <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>c</kbd> injects `COPY`
- <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>x</kbd> injects `CUT`
- <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>v</kbd> injects `PASTE` (after computer-to-device
clipboard synchronization)
In addition, <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>v</kbd> injects the computer
clipboard text as a sequence of key events. This is useful when the component
does not accept text pasting (for example in _Termux_), but it can break
non-ASCII content.
**WARNING:** Pasting the computer clipboard to the device (either via
<kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>v</kbd> or <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>v</kbd>) copies the content
into the Android clipboard. As a consequence, any Android application could read
its content. You should avoid pasting sensitive content (like passwords) that
way.
Some Android devices do not behave as expected when setting the device clipboard
programmatically. An option `--legacy-paste` is provided to change the behavior
of <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>v</kbd> and <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>v</kbd> so that they
also inject the computer clipboard text as a sequence of key events (the same
way as <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>v</kbd>).
To disable automatic clipboard synchronization, use
`--no-clipboard-autosync`.
## Pinch-to-zoom
To simulate "pinch-to-zoom": <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+_click-and-move_.
More precisely, hold down <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> while pressing the left-click button.
Until the left-click button is released, all mouse movements scale and rotate
the content (if supported by the app) relative to the center of the screen.
Technically, _scrcpy_ generates additional touch events from a "virtual finger"
at a location inverted through the center of the screen.
## Key repeat
By default, holding a key down generates repeated key events. This can cause
performance problems in some games, where these events are useless anyway.
To avoid forwarding repeated key events:
```bash
scrcpy --no-key-repeat
```
This option has no effect on HID keyboard (key repeat is handled by Android
directly in this mode).
## Right-click and middle-click
By default, right-click triggers BACK (or POWER on) and middle-click triggers
HOME. To disable these shortcuts and forward the clicks to the device instead:
```bash
scrcpy --forward-all-clicks
```
## File drop
### Install APK
To install an APK, drag & drop an APK file (ending with `.apk`) to the _scrcpy_
window.
There is no visual feedback, a log is printed to the console.
### Push file to device
To push a file to `/sdcard/Download/` on the device, drag & drop a (non-APK)
file to the _scrcpy_ window.
There is no visual feedback, a log is printed to the console.
The target directory can be changed on start:
```bash
scrcpy --push-target=/sdcard/Movies/
```
## Physical keyboard and mouse simulation
See the dedicated [HID/OTG](hid-otg.md) page.

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# Device
## Selection
If exactly one device is connected (i.e. listed by `adb devices`), then it is
automatically selected.
However, if there are multiple devices connected, you must specify the one to
use in one of 4 ways:
- by its serial:
```bash
scrcpy --serial=0123456789abcdef
scrcpy -s 0123456789abcdef # short version
# the serial is the ip:port if connected over TCP/IP (same behavior as adb)
scrcpy --serial=192.168.1.1:5555
```
- the one connected over USB (if there is exactly one):
```bash
scrcpy --select-usb
scrcpy -d # short version
```
- the one connected over TCP/IP (if there is exactly one):
```bash
scrcpy --select-tcpip
scrcpy -e # short version
```
- a device already listening on TCP/IP (see [below](#tcpip-wireless)):
```bash
scrcpy --tcpip=192.168.1.1:5555
scrcpy --tcpip=192.168.1.1 # default port is 5555
```
The serial may also be provided via the environment variable `ANDROID_SERIAL`
(also used by `adb`):
```bash
# in bash
export ANDROID_SERIAL=0123456789abcdef
scrcpy
```
```cmd
:: in cmd
set ANDROID_SERIAL=0123456789abcdef
scrcpy
```
```powershell
# in PowerShell
$env:ANDROID_SERIAL = '0123456789abcdef'
scrcpy
```
## TCP/IP (wireless)
_Scrcpy_ uses `adb` to communicate with the device, and `adb` can [connect] to a
device over TCP/IP. The device must be connected on the same network as the
computer.
[connect]: https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/adb.html#wireless
### Automatic
An option `--tcpip` allows to configure the connection automatically. There are
two variants.
If the device (accessible at 192.168.1.1 in this example) already listens on a
port (typically 5555) for incoming _adb_ connections, then run:
```bash
scrcpy --tcpip=192.168.1.1 # default port is 5555
scrcpy --tcpip=192.168.1.1:5555
```
If _adb_ TCP/IP mode is disabled on the device (or if you don't know the IP
address), connect the device over USB, then run:
```bash
scrcpy --tcpip # without arguments
```
It will automatically find the device IP address and adb port, enable TCP/IP
mode if necessary, then connect to the device before starting.
### Manual
Alternatively, it is possible to enable the TCP/IP connection manually using
`adb`:
1. Plug the device into a USB port on your computer.
2. Connect the device to the same Wi-Fi network as your computer.
3. Get your device IP address, in Settings → About phone → Status, or by
executing this command:
```bash
adb shell ip route | awk '{print $9}'
```
4. Enable `adb` over TCP/IP on your device: `adb tcpip 5555`.
5. Unplug your device.
6. Connect to your device: `adb connect DEVICE_IP:5555` _(replace `DEVICE_IP`
with the device IP address you found)_.
7. Run `scrcpy` as usual.
8. Run `adb disconnect` once you're done.
Since Android 11, a [Wireless debugging option][adb-wireless] allows to bypass
having to physically connect your device directly to your computer.
[adb-wireless]: https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/adb#connect-to-a-device-over-wi-fi-android-11+
## Autostart
A small tool (by the scrcpy author) allows to run arbitrary commands whenever a
new Android device is connected: [AutoAdb]. It can be used to start scrcpy:
```bash
autoadb scrcpy -s '{}'
```
[AutoAdb]: https://github.com/rom1v/autoadb
## Display
If several displays are available on the Android device, it is possible to
select the display to mirror:
```bash
scrcpy --display=1
```
The list of display ids can be retrieved by:
```bash
scrcpy --list-displays
```
A secondary display may only be controlled if the device runs at least Android
10 (otherwise it is mirrored as read-only).
## Actions
Some command line arguments perform actions on the device itself while scrcpy is
running.
### Stay awake
To prevent the device from sleeping after a delay **when the device is plugged
in**:
```bash
scrcpy --stay-awake
scrcpy -w
```
The initial state is restored when _scrcpy_ is closed.
If the device is not plugged in (i.e. only connected over TCP/IP),
`--stay-awake` has no effect (this is the Android behavior).
### Turn screen off
It is possible to turn the device screen off while mirroring on start with a
command-line option:
```bash
scrcpy --turn-screen-off
scrcpy -S # short version
```
Or by pressing <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>o</kbd> at any time (see
[shortcuts](shortcuts.md)).
To turn it back on, press <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>o</kbd>.
On Android, the `POWER` button always turns the screen on. For convenience, if
`POWER` is sent via _scrcpy_ (via right-click or <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>p</kbd>),
it will force to turn the screen off after a small delay (on a best effort
basis). The physical `POWER` button will still cause the screen to be turned on.
It can also be useful to prevent the device from sleeping:
```bash
scrcpy --turn-screen-off --stay-awake
scrcpy -Sw # short version
```
### Show touches
For presentations, it may be useful to show physical touches (on the physical
device). Android exposes this feature in _Developers options_.
_Scrcpy_ provides an option to enable this feature on start and restore the
initial value on exit:
```bash
scrcpy --show-touches
scrcpy -t # short version
```
Note that it only shows _physical_ touches (by a finger on the device).
### Power off on close
To turn the device screen off when closing _scrcpy_:
```bash
scrcpy --power-off-on-close
```
### Power on on start
By default, on start, the device is powered on. To prevent this behavior:
```bash
scrcpy --no-power-on
```

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# HID/OTG
By default, _scrcpy_ injects input events at the Android API level. As an
alternative, when connected over USB, it is possible to send HID events, so that
scrcpy behaves as if it was a physical keyboard and/or mouse connected to the
Android device.
A special [OTG](#otg) mode allows to control the device without mirroring (and
without USB debugging).
## Physical keyboard simulation
By default, _scrcpy_ uses Android key or text injection. It works everywhere,
but is limited to ASCII.
Instead, it can simulate a physical USB keyboard on Android to provide a better
input experience (using [USB HID over AOAv2][hid-aoav2]): the virtual keyboard
is disabled and it works for all characters and IME.
[hid-aoav2]: https://source.android.com/devices/accessories/aoa2#hid-support
However, it only works if the device is connected via USB.
Note: On Windows, it may only work in [OTG mode](#otg), not while mirroring (it
is not possible to open a USB device if it is already open by another process
like the _adb daemon_).
To enable this mode:
```bash
scrcpy --hid-keyboard
scrcpy -K # short version
```
If it fails for some reason (for example because the device is not connected via
USB), it automatically fallbacks to the default mode (with a log in the
console). This allows using the same command line options when connected over
USB and TCP/IP.
In this mode, raw key events (scancodes) are sent to the device, independently
of the host key mapping. Therefore, if your keyboard layout does not match, it
must be configured on the Android device, in Settings → System → Languages and
input → [Physical keyboard].
This settings page can be started directly:
```bash
adb shell am start -a android.settings.HARD_KEYBOARD_SETTINGS
```
However, the option is only available when the HID keyboard is enabled (or when
a physical keyboard is connected).
[Physical keyboard]: https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/pull/2632#issuecomment-923756915
## Physical mouse simulation
By default, _scrcpy_ uses Android mouse events injection with absolute
coordinates. By simulating a physical mouse, a mouse pointer appears on the
Android device, and relative mouse motion, clicks and scrolls are injected.
To enable this mode:
```bash
scrcpy --hid-mouse
scrcpy -M # short version
```
When this mode is enabled, the computer mouse is "captured" (the mouse pointer
disappears from the computer and appears on the Android device instead).
Special capture keys, either <kbd>Alt</kbd> or <kbd>Super</kbd>, toggle
(disable or enable) the mouse capture. Use one of them to give the control of
the mouse back to the computer.
## OTG
It is possible to run _scrcpy_ with only physical keyboard and mouse simulation
(HID), as if the computer keyboard and mouse were plugged directly to the device
via an OTG cable.
In this mode, `adb` (USB debugging) is not necessary, and mirroring is disabled.
This is similar to `--hid-keyboard --hid-mouse`, but without mirroring.
To enable OTG mode:
```bash
scrcpy --otg
# Pass the serial if several USB devices are available
scrcpy --otg -s 0123456789abcdef
```
It is possible to enable only HID keyboard or HID mouse:
```bash
scrcpy --otg --hid-keyboard # keyboard only
scrcpy --otg --hid-mouse # mouse only
scrcpy --otg --hid-keyboard --hid-mouse # keyboard and mouse
# for convenience, enable both by default
scrcpy --otg # keyboard and mouse
```
Like `--hid-keyboard` and `--hid-mouse`, it only works if the device is
connected over USB.

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# On Linux
## Install
<a href="https://repology.org/project/scrcpy/versions"><img src="https://repology.org/badge/vertical-allrepos/scrcpy.svg" alt="Packaging status" align="right"></a>
Scrcpy is packaged in several distributions and package managers:
- Debian/Ubuntu: `apt install scrcpy`
- Arch Linux: `pacman -S scrcpy`
- Fedora: `dnf copr enable zeno/scrcpy && dnf install scrcpy`
- Gentoo: [ebuild][ebuild-link] file
- Snap: `snap install scrcpy`
- … (see [repology](https://repology.org/project/scrcpy/versions))
[ebuild-link]: https://github.com/maggu2810/maggu2810-overlay/tree/master/app-mobilephone/scrcpy
### Latest version
However, the packaged version is not always the latest release. To install the
latest release from `master`, follow this simplified process.
First, you need to install the required packages:
```bash
# for Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt install ffmpeg libsdl2-2.0-0 adb wget \
gcc git pkg-config meson ninja-build libsdl2-dev \
libavcodec-dev libavdevice-dev libavformat-dev libavutil-dev \
libswresample-dev libusb-1.0-0 libusb-1.0-0-dev
```
Then clone the repo and execute the installation script
([source](/install_release.sh)):
```bash
git clone https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy
cd scrcpy
./install_release.sh
```
When a new release is out, update the repo and reinstall:
```bash
git pull
./install_release.sh
```
To uninstall:
```bash
sudo ninja -Cbuild-auto uninstall
```
_Note that this simplified process only works for released versions (it
downloads a prebuilt server binary), so for example you can't use it for testing
the development branch (`dev`)._
_See [build.md](build.md) to build and install the app manually._
## Run
Once installed, run from a terminal:
```bash
scrcpy
```
or with arguments (here to disable audio and record to `file.mkv`):
```bash
scrcpy --no-audio --record=file.mkv
```
Documentation for command line arguments is available:
- `man scrcpy`
- `scrcpy --help`
- on [github](/README.md)

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# On macOS
## Install
Scrcpy is available in [Homebrew]:
```bash
brew install scrcpy
```
[Homebrew]: https://brew.sh/
You need `adb`, accessible from your `PATH`. If you don't have it yet:
```bash
brew install android-platform-tools
```
Alternatively, Scrcpy is also available in [MacPorts], which sets up `adb` for you:
```bash
sudo port install scrcpy
```
[MacPorts]: https://www.macports.org/
_See [build.md](build.md) to build and install the app manually._
## Run
Once installed, run from a terminal:
```bash
scrcpy
```
or with arguments (here to disable audio and record to `file.mkv`):
```bash
scrcpy --no-audio --record=file.mkv
```
Documentation for command line arguments is available:
- `man scrcpy`
- `scrcpy --help`
- on [github](/README.md)

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# Recording
To record video and audio streams while mirroring:
```bash
scrcpy --record=file.mp4
scrcpy -r file.mkv
```
To record only the video:
```bash
scrcpy --no-audio --record=file.mp4
```
_It is currently not possible to record only the audio._
To disable mirroring while recording:
```bash
scrcpy --no-display --record=file.mp4
scrcpy -Nr file.mkv
# interrupt recording with Ctrl+C
```
Timestamps are captured on the device, so [packet delay variation] does not
impact the recorded file, which is always clean (only if you use `--record` of
course, not if you capture your scrcpy window and audio output on the computer).
[packet delay variation]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_delay_variation
The video and audio streams are encoded on the device, but are muxed on the
client side. Two formats (containers) are supported:
- Matroska (`.mkv`)
- MP4 (`.mp4`)
The container is automatically selected based on the filename.
It is also possible to explicitly select a container (in that case the filename
needs not end with `.mkv` or `.mp4`):
```
scrcpy --record=file --record-format=mkv
```

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# Shortcuts
Actions can be performed on the scrcpy window using keyboard and mouse
shortcuts.
In the following list, <kbd>MOD</kbd> is the shortcut modifier. By default, it's
(left) <kbd>Alt</kbd> or (left) <kbd>Super</kbd>.
It can be changed using `--shortcut-mod`. Possible keys are `lctrl`, `rctrl`,
`lalt`, `ralt`, `lsuper` and `rsuper`. For example:
```bash
# use RCtrl for shortcuts
scrcpy --shortcut-mod=rctrl
# use either LCtrl+LAlt or LSuper for shortcuts
scrcpy --shortcut-mod=lctrl+lalt,lsuper
```
_<kbd>[Super]</kbd> is typically the <kbd>Windows</kbd> or <kbd>Cmd</kbd> key._
[Super]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_key_(keyboard_button)
| Action | Shortcut
| ------------------------------------------- |:-----------------------------
| Switch fullscreen mode | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>f</kbd>
| Rotate display left | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>←</kbd> _(left)_
| Rotate display right | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>→</kbd> _(right)_
| Resize window to 1:1 (pixel-perfect) | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>g</kbd>
| Resize window to remove black borders | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>w</kbd> \| _Double-left-click¹_
| Click on `HOME` | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>h</kbd> \| _Middle-click_
| Click on `BACK` | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>b</kbd> \| _Right-click²_
| Click on `APP_SWITCH` | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>s</kbd> \| _4th-click³_
| Click on `MENU` (unlock screen)⁴ | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>m</kbd>
| Click on `VOLUME_UP` | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>↑</kbd> _(up)_
| Click on `VOLUME_DOWN` | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>↓</kbd> _(down)_
| Click on `POWER` | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>p</kbd>
| Power on | _Right-click²_
| Turn device screen off (keep mirroring) | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>o</kbd>
| Turn device screen on | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>o</kbd>
| Rotate device screen | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>r</kbd>
| Expand notification panel | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>n</kbd> \| _5th-click³_
| Expand settings panel | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>n</kbd>+<kbd>n</kbd> \| _Double-5th-click³_
| Collapse panels | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>n</kbd>
| Copy to clipboard⁵ | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>c</kbd>
| Cut to clipboard⁵ | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>x</kbd>
| Synchronize clipboards and paste⁵ | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>v</kbd>
| Inject computer clipboard text | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>v</kbd>
| Enable/disable FPS counter (on stdout) | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>i</kbd>
| Pinch-to-zoom | <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+_click-and-move_
| Drag & drop APK file | Install APK from computer
| Drag & drop non-APK file | [Push file to device](#push-file-to-device)
_¹Double-click on black borders to remove them._
_²Right-click turns the screen on if it was off, presses BACK otherwise._
_³4th and 5th mouse buttons, if your mouse has them._
_⁴For react-native apps in development, `MENU` triggers development menu._
_⁵Only on Android >= 7._
Shortcuts with repeated keys are executed by releasing and pressing the key a
second time. For example, to execute "Expand settings panel":
1. Press and keep pressing <kbd>MOD</kbd>.
2. Then double-press <kbd>n</kbd>.
3. Finally, release <kbd>MOD</kbd>.
All <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+_key_ shortcuts are forwarded to the device, so they are
handled by the active application.

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# Tunnels
Scrcpy is designed to mirror local Android devices. Tunnels allow to connect to
a remote device (e.g. over the Internet).
To connect to a remote device, it is possible to connect a local `adb` client to
a remote `adb` server (provided they use the same version of the _adb_
protocol).
## Remote ADB server
To connect to a remote _adb server_, make the server listen on all interfaces:
```bash
adb kill-server
adb -a nodaemon server start
# keep this open
```
**Warning: all communications between clients and the _adb server_ are
unencrypted.**
Suppose that this server is accessible at 192.168.1.2. Then, from another
terminal, run `scrcpy`:
```bash
# in bash
export ADB_SERVER_SOCKET=tcp:192.168.1.2:5037
scrcpy --tunnel-host=192.168.1.2
```
```cmd
:: in cmd
set ADB_SERVER_SOCKET=tcp:192.168.1.2:5037
scrcpy --tunnel-host=192.168.1.2
```
```powershell
# in PowerShell
$env:ADB_SERVER_SOCKET = 'tcp:192.168.1.2:5037'
scrcpy --tunnel-host=192.168.1.2
```
By default, `scrcpy` uses the local port used for `adb forward` tunnel
establishment (typically `27183`, see `--port`). It is also possible to force a
different tunnel port (it may be useful in more complex situations, when more
redirections are involved):
```
scrcpy --tunnel-port=1234
```
## SSH tunnel
To communicate with a remote _adb server_ securely, it is preferable to use an
SSH tunnel.
First, make sure the _adb server_ is running on the remote computer:
```bash
adb start-server
```
Then, establish an SSH tunnel:
```bash
# local 5038 --> remote 5037
# local 27183 <-- remote 27183
ssh -CN -L5038:localhost:5037 -R27183:localhost:27183 your_remote_computer
# keep this open
```
From another terminal, run `scrcpy`:
```bash
# in bash
export ADB_SERVER_SOCKET=tcp:localhost:5038
scrcpy
```
```cmd
:: in cmd
set ADB_SERVER_SOCKET=tcp:localhost:5038
scrcpy
```
```powershell
# in PowerShell
$env:ADB_SERVER_SOCKET = 'tcp:localhost:5038'
scrcpy
```
To avoid enabling remote port forwarding, you could force a forward connection
instead (notice the `-L` instead of `-R`):
```bash
# local 5038 --> remote 5037
# local 27183 --> remote 27183
ssh -CN -L5038:localhost:5037 -L27183:localhost:27183 your_remote_computer
# keep this open
```
From another terminal, run `scrcpy`:
```bash
# in bash
export ADB_SERVER_SOCKET=tcp:localhost:5038
scrcpy --force-adb-forward
```
```cmd
:: in cmd
set ADB_SERVER_SOCKET=tcp:localhost:5038
scrcpy --force-adb-forward
```
```powershell
# in PowerShell
$env:ADB_SERVER_SOCKET = 'tcp:localhost:5038'
scrcpy --force-adb-forward
```

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# Video4Linux
On Linux, it is possible to send the video stream to a [v4l2] loopback device,
so that the Android device can be opened like a webcam by any v4l2-capable tool.
[v4l2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video4Linux
The module `v4l2loopback` must be installed:
```bash
sudo apt install v4l2loopback-dkms
```
To create a v4l2 device:
```bash
sudo modprobe v4l2loopback
```
This will create a new video device in `/dev/videoN`, where `N` is an integer
(more [options](https://github.com/umlaeute/v4l2loopback#options) are available
to create several devices or devices with specific IDs).
To list the enabled devices:
```bash
# requires v4l-utils package
v4l2-ctl --list-devices
# simple but might be sufficient
ls /dev/video*
```
To start `scrcpy` using a v4l2 sink:
```bash
scrcpy --v4l2-sink=/dev/videoN
scrcpy --v4l2-sink=/dev/videoN --no-display # disable mirroring window
```
(replace `N` with the device ID, check with `ls /dev/video*`)
Once enabled, you can open your video stream with a v4l2-capable tool:
```bash
ffplay -i /dev/videoN
vlc v4l2:///dev/videoN # VLC might add some buffering delay
```
For example, you could capture the video within [OBS] or within your video
conference tool.
[OBS]: https://obsproject.com/
## Buffering
By default, there is no video buffering, to get the lowest possible latency.
As for the [video display](video.md#buffering), it is possible to add
buffering to delay the v4l2 stream:
```bash
scrcpy --v4l2-buffer=300 # add 300ms buffering for v4l2 sink
```

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# Video
## Size
By default, scrcpy attempts to mirror at the Android device resolution.
It might be useful to mirror at a lower definition to increase performance. To
limit both width and height to some maximum value (here 1024):
```bash
scrcpy --max-size=1024
scrcpy -m 1024 # short version
```
The other dimension is computed so that the Android device aspect ratio is
preserved. That way, a device in 1920×1080 will be mirrored at 1024×576.
If encoding fails, scrcpy automatically tries again with a lower definition
(unless `--no-downsize-on-error` is enabled).
## Bit rate
The default video bit-rate is 8 Mbps. To change it:
```bash
scrcpy --video-bit-rate=2M
scrcpy --video-bit-rate=2000000 # equivalent
scrcpy -b 2M # short version
```
## Frame rate
The capture frame rate can be limited:
```bash
scrcpy --max-fps=15
```
The actual capture frame rate may be printed to the console:
```
scrcpy --print-fps
```
It may also be enabled or disabled at anytime with <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>i</kbd>
(see [shortcuts](shortcuts.md)).
The frame rate is intrinsically variable: a new frame is produced only when the
screen content changes. For example, if you play a fullscreen video at 24fps on
your device, you should not get more than 24 frames per second in scrcpy.
## Codec
The video codec can be selected. The possible values are `h264` (default),
`h265` and `av1`:
```bash
scrcpy --video-codec=h264 # default
scrcpy --video-codec=h265
scrcpy --video-codec=av1
```
H265 may provide better quality, but H264 should provide lower latency.
AV1 encoders are not common on current Android devices.
Several encoders may be available on the device. They can be listed by:
```bash
scrcpy --list-encoders
```
Sometimes, the default encoder may have issues or even crash, so it is useful to
try another one:
```bash
scrcpy --video-codec=h264 --video-encoder='OMX.qcom.video.encoder.avc'
```
For advanced usage, to pass arbitrary parameters to the [`MediaFormat`],
check `--video-codec-options` in the manpage or in `scrcpy --help`.
[`MediaFormat`]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/media/MediaFormat
## Rotation
The rotation may be applied at 3 different levels:
- The [shortcut](shortcuts.md) <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>r</kbd> requests the
device to switch between portrait and landscape (the current running app may
refuse, if it does not support the requested orientation).
- `--lock-video-orientation` changes the mirroring orientation (the orientation
of the video sent from the device to the computer). This affects the
recording.
- `--rotation` rotates only the window content. This only affects the display,
not the recording. It may be changed dynamically at any time using the
[shortcuts](shortcuts.md) <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>←</kbd> and
<kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>→</kbd>.
To lock the mirroring orientation:
```bash
scrcpy --lock-video-orientation # initial (current) orientation
scrcpy --lock-video-orientation=0 # natural orientation
scrcpy --lock-video-orientation=1 # 90° counterclockwise
scrcpy --lock-video-orientation=2 # 180°
scrcpy --lock-video-orientation=3 # 90° clockwise
```
To set an initial window rotation:
```bash
scrcpy --rotation=0 # no rotation
scrcpy --rotation=1 # 90 degrees counterclockwise
scrcpy --rotation=2 # 180 degrees
scrcpy --rotation=3 # 90 degrees clockwise
```
## Crop
The device screen may be cropped to mirror only part of the screen.
This is useful, for example, to mirror only one eye of the Oculus Go:
```bash
scrcpy --crop=1224:1440:0:0 # 1224x1440 at offset (0,0)
```
The values are expressed in the device natural orientation (portrait for a
phone, landscape for a tablet).
If `--max-size` is also specified, resizing is applied after cropping.
## Buffering
By default, there is no video buffering, to get the lowest possible latency.
Buffering can be added to delay the video stream and compensate for jitter to
get a smoother playback (see [#2464]).
[#2464]: https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/2464
The configuration is available independently for the display,
[v4l2 sinks](video.md#video4linux) and [audio](audio.md#buffering) playback.
```bash
scrcpy --display-buffer=50 # add 50ms buffering for display
scrcpy --v4l2-buffer=300 # add 300ms buffering for v4l2 sink
scrcpy --audio-buffer=200 # set 200ms buffering for audio playback
```
They can be applied simultaneously:
```bash
scrcpy --display-buffer=50 --v4l2-buffer=300
```
## No display
It is possible to capture an Android device without displaying a mirroring
window. This option is available if either [recording](recording.md) or
[v4l2](#video4linux) is enabled:
```bash
scrcpy --v4l2-sink=/dev/video2 --no-display
scrcpy --record=file.mkv --no-display
```
## Video4Linux
See the dedicated [Video4Linux](v4l2.md) page.

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# Window
## Title
By default, the window title is the device model. It can be changed:
```bash
scrcpy --window-title='My device'
```
## Position and size
The initial window position and size may be specified:
```bash
scrcpy --window-x=100 --window-y=100 --window-width=800 --window-height=600
```
## Borderless
To disable window decorations:
```bash
scrcpy --window-borderless
```
## Always on top
To keep the window always on top:
```bash
scrcpy --always-on-top
```
## Fullscreen
The app may be started directly in fullscreen:
```bash
scrcpy --fullscreen
scrcpy -f # short version
```
Fullscreen mode can then be toggled dynamically with <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>f</kbd>
(see [shortcuts](shortcuts.md)).
## Disable screensaver
By default, _scrcpy_ does not prevent the screensaver from running on the
computer. To disable it:
```bash
scrcpy --disable-screensaver
```

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# On Windows
## Install
Download the [latest release]:
- [`scrcpy-win64-v1.25.zip`][direct-win64]
<sub>SHA-256: `db65125e9c65acd00359efb7cea9c05f63cc7ccd5833000cd243cc92f5053028`</sub>
[release]: https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/releases/latest
[direct-win64]: https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/releases/download/v1.25/scrcpy-win64-v1.25.zip
and extract it.
Alternatively, you could install it from packages manager, like [Chocolatey]:
```bash
choco install scrcpy
choco install adb # if you don't have it yet
```
or [Scoop]:
```bash
scoop install scrcpy
scoop install adb # if you don't have it yet
```
[Chocolatey]: https://chocolatey.org/
[Scoop]: https://scoop.sh
_See [build.md](build.md) to build and install the app manually._
## Run
Scrcpy is a command line application: it is mainly intended to be executed from
a terminal with command line arguments.
To open a terminal at the expected location, double-click on
`open_a_terminal_here.bat` in your scrcpy directory, then type your command. For
example, without arguments:
```bash
scrcpy
```
or with arguments (here to disable audio and record to `file.mkv`):
```
scrcpy --no-audio --record=file.mkv
```
Documentation for command line arguments is available:
- `scrcpy --help`
- on [github](/README.md)
To start scrcpy directly without opening a terminal, double-click on one of
these files:
- `scrcpy-console.bat`: start with a terminal open (it will close when scrcpy
terminates, unless an error occurs);
- `scrcpy-noconsole.vbs`: start without a terminal (but you won't see any error
message).
_Avoid double-clicking on `scrcpy.exe` directly: on error, the terminal would
close immediately and you won't have time to read any error message (this
executable is intended to be run from the terminal). Use `scrcpy-console.bat`
instead._
If you plan to always use the same arguments, create a file `myscrcpy.bat`
(enable [show file extensions] to avoid confusion) containing your command, For
example:
```bash
scrcpy --prefer-text --turn-screen-off --stay-awake
```
[show file extensions]: https://www.howtogeek.com/205086/beginner-how-to-make-windows-show-file-extensions/
Then just double-click on that file.
You could also edit (a copy of) `scrcpy-console.bat` or `scrcpy-noconsole.vbs`
to add some arguments.