diff --git a/TODO b/TODO
index 1544345f..7fc453dd 100644
--- a/TODO
+++ b/TODO
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ Core
 - config: define ipaddr constants?
 - config: better default protocol names
 
+- do we really need preconfig?
+
 - counters (according to SNMP MIB?)
 - better memory allocators
 - default preferences of protocols: prefer BGP over OSPF/RIP external routes?
diff --git a/doc/bird.conf.example b/doc/bird.conf.example
index 1d8203dc..d91a792a 100644
--- a/doc/bird.conf.example
+++ b/doc/bird.conf.example
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #	debug all
 #}
 
-protocol device {
+protocol direct {
 #	disabled
 #	interface "-eth*", "*"
 }
@@ -25,13 +25,16 @@ protocol kernel {
 #	disabled
 #	learn			# Learn all routes from the kernel
 	persist			# Don't remove routes on bird shutdown
-	scan time 10		# Scan kernel tables every 10 seconds
-	route scan time 20	# But routes only every 20 seconds
+	scan time 20		# Scan kernel routing table every 20 seconds
 #	async off		# Netlink: Disable asynchronous events
 #	input filter sink
 #	output filter okay
 }
 
+protocol device {
+	scan time 10		# Scan interfaces every 10 seconds
+}
+
 protocol static {
 #	disabled
 #	route 0.0.0.0/0 via 62.168.0.13
diff --git a/nest/config.Y b/nest/config.Y
index 83001328..61a12cab 100644
--- a/nest/config.Y
+++ b/nest/config.Y
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ void rt_dev_add_iface(char *);
 
 CF_DECLS
 
-CF_KEYWORDS(ROUTER, ID, PROTOCOL, PREFERENCE, DISABLED, DEBUG, ALL, OFF, DEVICE)
+CF_KEYWORDS(ROUTER, ID, PROTOCOL, PREFERENCE, DISABLED, DEBUG, ALL, OFF, DIRECT)
 CF_KEYWORDS(INTERFACE, INPUT, OUTPUT, FILTER)
 
 %type <i> idval
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ proto_start: PROTOCOL
 
 proto_name:
    /* EMPTY */ {
-     struct symbol *s = cf_default_name(this_proto->proto->name);
+     struct symbol *s = cf_default_name(this_proto->proto->name, &this_proto->proto->name_counter);
      s->class = SYM_PROTO;
      s->def = this_proto;
      this_proto->name = s->name;
@@ -71,24 +71,30 @@ proto_item:
  | OUTPUT FILTER filter { this_proto->out_filter = $3; }
  ;
 
-/* Device protocol */
+/* Direct device route protocol */
 
 CF_ADDTO(proto, dev_proto '}')
 
-dev_proto_start: proto_start DEVICE {
-     if (!(this_proto = cf_dev_proto)) cf_error("Device protocol already defined");
-     cf_dev_proto = NULL;
+dev_proto_start: proto_start DIRECT {
+     struct rt_dev_config *p = proto_config_new(&proto_device, sizeof(struct rt_dev_config));
+     struct iface_patt *k = cfg_alloc(sizeof(struct iface_patt));
+     this_proto = &p->c;
+     p->c.preference = DEF_PREF_DIRECT;
+     init_list(&p->iface_list);
+     k->pattern = "*";
+     add_tail(&p->iface_list, &k->n);
    }
  ;
 
 dev_proto:
-   dev_proto_start '{'
+   dev_proto_start proto_name '{'
  | dev_proto proto_item ';'
  | dev_proto dev_iface_list ';'
  ;
 
 dev_iface_list:
    INTERFACE TEXT {
+     /* FIXME: Beware of obscure semantics. */
      init_list(&((struct rt_dev_config *) this_proto)->iface_list);
      rt_dev_add_iface($2);
    }
diff --git a/nest/rt-dev.c b/nest/rt-dev.c
index fcaabd8b..c122b967 100644
--- a/nest/rt-dev.c
+++ b/nest/rt-dev.c
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 #include "conf/conf.h"
 #include "lib/resource.h"
 
-struct proto_config *cf_dev_proto;
-
 static void
 dev_if_notify(struct proto *p, unsigned c, struct iface *new, struct iface *old)
 {
@@ -77,22 +75,8 @@ dev_init(struct proto_config *c)
   return p;
 }
 
-static void
-dev_preconfig(struct protocol *x, struct config *c)
-{
-  struct rt_dev_config *p = proto_config_new(&proto_device, sizeof(struct rt_dev_config));
-  struct iface_patt *k = cfg_alloc(sizeof(struct iface_patt));
-
-  cf_dev_proto = &p->c;
-  p->c.preference = DEF_PREF_DIRECT;
-  init_list(&p->iface_list);
-  k->pattern = "*";
-  add_tail(&p->iface_list, &k->n);
-}
-
 struct protocol proto_device = {
-  name:		"Device",
-  priority:	100,
-  preconfig:	dev_preconfig,
+  name:		"Direct",
+  priority:	90,
   init:		dev_init,
 };
diff --git a/sysdep/linux/netlink/krt-iface.h b/sysdep/linux/netlink/krt-iface.h
index 5dfb934f..53167c86 100644
--- a/sysdep/linux/netlink/krt-iface.h
+++ b/sysdep/linux/netlink/krt-iface.h
@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ struct krt_if_params {
 struct krt_if_status {
 };
 
-static inline void krt_if_preconfig(struct krt_config *c) { };
-static inline void krt_if_start(struct krt_proto *p) { };
-static inline void krt_if_shutdown(struct krt_proto *p) { };
+static inline void krt_if_preconfig(struct kif_config *c) { };
+static inline void krt_if_start(struct kif_proto *p) { };
+static inline void krt_if_shutdown(struct kif_proto *p) { };
+static inline void krt_if_io_init(void) { };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/sysdep/linux/netlink/netlink.c b/sysdep/linux/netlink/netlink.c
index 93eb4ad7..57e18991 100644
--- a/sysdep/linux/netlink/netlink.c
+++ b/sysdep/linux/netlink/netlink.c
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ nl_parse_addr(struct nlmsghdr *h)
 }
 
 void
-krt_if_scan(struct krt_proto *p)
+krt_if_scan(struct kif_proto *p)
 {
   struct nlmsghdr *h;
 
diff --git a/sysdep/unix/io.c b/sysdep/unix/io.c
index 8427ba47..6e1952e7 100644
--- a/sysdep/unix/io.c
+++ b/sysdep/unix/io.c
@@ -693,6 +693,7 @@ io_init(void)
   init_list(&far_timers);
   init_list(&sock_list);
   init_list(&global_event_list);
+  krt_io_init();
   now = time(NULL);
 }
 
diff --git a/sysdep/unix/krt-iface.c b/sysdep/unix/krt-iface.c
index 3b665a44..63035588 100644
--- a/sysdep/unix/krt-iface.c
+++ b/sysdep/unix/krt-iface.c
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ scan_ifs(struct ifreq *r, int cnt)
 }
 
 void
-krt_if_scan(struct krt_proto *p)
+krt_if_scan(struct kif_proto *p)
 {
   struct ifconf ic;
   static int last_ifbuf_size = 4*sizeof(struct ifreq);
@@ -172,23 +172,25 @@ krt_if_scan(struct krt_proto *p)
 }
 
 void
-krt_if_preconfig(struct krt_config *c)
+krt_if_preconfig(struct kif_config *c)
 {
 }
 
 void
-krt_if_start(struct krt_proto *p)
+krt_if_start(struct kif_proto *p)
 {
+}
+
+void
+krt_if_shutdown(struct kif_proto *p)
+{
+}
+
+void
+krt_if_io_init(void)
+{
+  if_scan_sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP);
+  DBG("Using socket %d for interface and route scanning\n", if_scan_sock);
   if (if_scan_sock < 0)
-    {
-      if_scan_sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP);
-      DBG("Using socket %d for interface and route scanning\n", if_scan_sock);
-      if (if_scan_sock < 0)
-	die("Cannot create scanning socket: %m");
-    }
-}
-
-void
-krt_if_shutdown(struct krt_proto *p)
-{
+    die("Cannot create scanning socket: %m");
 }
diff --git a/sysdep/unix/krt.Y b/sysdep/unix/krt.Y
index 661e5052..083df7d6 100644
--- a/sysdep/unix/krt.Y
+++ b/sysdep/unix/krt.Y
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  *	BIRD -- UNIX Kernel Syncer Configuration
  *
- *	(c) 1998 Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
+ *	(c) 1998--1999 Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
  *
  *	Can be freely distributed and used under the terms of the GNU GPL.
  */
@@ -11,24 +11,31 @@ CF_HDR
 #include "lib/krt.h"
 
 #define THIS_KRT ((struct krt_config *) this_proto)
+#define THIS_KIF ((struct kif_config *) this_proto)
 
 CF_DECLS
 
-CF_KEYWORDS(KERNEL, PERSIST, SCAN, TIME, ROUTE, LEARN)
+CF_KEYWORDS(KERNEL, PERSIST, SCAN, TIME, LEARN, DEVICE)
 
 CF_GRAMMAR
 
-/* Kernel protocol */
+/* Kernel syncer protocol */
 
 CF_ADDTO(proto, kern_proto '}')
 
 kern_proto_start: proto_start KERNEL {
-     if (!(this_proto = cf_krt)) cf_error("Kernel protocol already defined");
-     cf_krt = NULL;
+     if (cf_krt)
+       cf_error("Kernel protocol already defined");
+     cf_krt = this_proto = proto_config_new(&proto_unix_kernel, sizeof(struct krt_config));
+     this_proto->preference = 0;
+     THIS_KRT->scan_time = 60;
+     THIS_KRT->learn = THIS_KRT->persist = 0;
+     krt_scan_preconfig(THIS_KRT);
+     krt_set_preconfig(THIS_KRT);
    }
  ;
 
-CF_ADDTO(kern_proto, kern_proto_start '{')
+CF_ADDTO(kern_proto, kern_proto_start proto_name '{')
 CF_ADDTO(kern_proto, kern_proto proto_item ';')
 CF_ADDTO(kern_proto, kern_proto kern_item ';')
 
@@ -38,10 +45,34 @@ kern_item:
       /* Scan time of 0 means scan on startup only */
       THIS_KRT->scan_time = $3;
    }
- | ROUTE SCAN TIME expr { THIS_KRT->route_scan_time = $4; }
  | LEARN bool { THIS_KRT->learn = $2; }
  ;
 
+/* Kernel interface protocol */
+
+CF_ADDTO(proto, kif_proto '}')
+
+kif_proto_start: proto_start DEVICE {
+     if (cf_kif)
+       cf_error("Kernel device protocol already defined");
+     cf_kif = this_proto = proto_config_new(&proto_unix_iface, sizeof(struct kif_config));
+     this_proto->preference = DEF_PREF_DIRECT;
+     THIS_KIF->scan_time = 60;
+     krt_if_preconfig(THIS_KIF);
+   }
+ ;
+
+CF_ADDTO(kif_proto, kif_proto_start '{')
+CF_ADDTO(kif_proto, kif_proto proto_item ';')
+CF_ADDTO(kif_proto, kif_proto kif_item ';')
+
+kif_item:
+   SCAN TIME expr {
+      /* Scan time of 0 means scan on startup only */
+      THIS_KIF->scan_time = $3;
+   }
+ ;
+
 CF_CODE
 
 CF_END
diff --git a/sysdep/unix/krt.c b/sysdep/unix/krt.c
index 9ad42379..8a3db3f1 100644
--- a/sysdep/unix/krt.c
+++ b/sysdep/unix/krt.c
@@ -17,7 +17,94 @@
 #include "unix.h"
 #include "krt.h"
 
-struct proto_config *cf_krt;
+/*
+ *	Global resources
+ */
+
+void
+krt_io_init(void)
+{
+  krt_if_io_init();
+}
+
+/*
+ *	Interfaces
+ */
+
+struct proto_config *cf_kif;
+
+static struct kif_proto *kif_proto;
+static timer *kif_scan_timer;
+static bird_clock_t kif_last_shot;
+
+static void
+kif_scan(timer *t)
+{
+  struct kif_proto *p = t->data;
+
+  DBG("KIF: It's interface scan time...\n");
+  kif_last_shot = now;
+  krt_if_scan(p);
+}
+
+static void
+kif_force_scan(void)
+{
+  if (kif_proto && kif_last_shot + 2 < now)
+    {
+      kif_scan(kif_scan_timer);
+      tm_start(kif_scan_timer, ((struct kif_config *) kif_proto->p.cf)->scan_time);
+    }
+}
+
+static struct proto *
+kif_init(struct proto_config *c)
+{
+  struct kif_proto *p = proto_new(c, sizeof(struct kif_proto));
+  return &p->p;
+}
+
+static int
+kif_start(struct proto *P)
+{
+  struct kif_proto *p = (struct kif_proto *) P;
+
+  kif_proto = p;
+  krt_if_start(p);
+
+  /* Start periodic interface scanning */
+  kif_scan_timer = tm_new(P->pool);
+  kif_scan_timer->hook = kif_scan;
+  kif_scan_timer->data = p;
+  kif_scan_timer->recurrent = KIF_CF->scan_time;
+  kif_scan(kif_scan_timer);
+  tm_start(kif_scan_timer, KIF_CF->scan_time);
+
+  return PS_UP;
+}
+
+static int
+kif_shutdown(struct proto *P)
+{
+  struct kif_proto *p = (struct kif_proto *) P;
+
+  tm_stop(kif_scan_timer);
+  krt_if_shutdown(p);
+  kif_proto = NULL;
+
+  if_start_update();	/* Remove all interfaces */
+  if_end_update();
+
+  return PS_DOWN;
+}
+
+struct protocol proto_unix_iface = {
+  name:		"Device",
+  priority:	100,
+  init:		kif_init,
+  start:	kif_start,
+  shutdown:	kif_shutdown,
+};
 
 /*
  *	Routes
@@ -210,7 +297,7 @@ krt_got_route_async(struct krt_proto *p, rte *e, int new)
 	   * FIXME: This is limited to one inherited route per destination as we
 	   * use single protocol for all inherited routes. Probably leave it
 	   * as-is (and document it :)), because the correct solution is to
-	   * multiple kernel tables anyway.
+	   * use multiple kernel tables anyway.
 	   */
 	  DBG("Learning\n");
 	  rte_update(net, &p->p, e);
@@ -234,35 +321,27 @@ krt_scan(timer *t)
 {
   struct krt_proto *p = t->data;
 
-  DBG("KRT: It's scan time...\n");
-  krt_if_scan(p);
-
-  p->accum_time += KRT_CF->scan_time;
-  if (KRT_CF->route_scan_time && p->accum_time >= KRT_CF->route_scan_time)
-    {
-      p->accum_time %= KRT_CF->route_scan_time;
-      DBG("Scanning kernel routing table...\n");
-      krt_scan_fire(p);
-      krt_prune(p);
-    }
+  kif_force_scan();
+  DBG("KRT: It's route scan time...\n");
+  krt_scan_fire(p);
+  krt_prune(p);
 }
 
 /*
  *	Protocol glue
  */
 
+struct proto_config *cf_krt;
+
 static int
 krt_start(struct proto *P)
 {
   struct krt_proto *p = (struct krt_proto *) P;
 
-  p->accum_time = KRT_CF->route_scan_time - KRT_CF->scan_time;
-
-  krt_if_start(p);
   krt_scan_start(p);
   krt_set_start(p);
 
-  /* Start periodic interface scanning */
+  /* Start periodic routing table scanning */
   krt_scan_timer = tm_new(P->pool);
   krt_scan_timer->hook = krt_scan;
   krt_scan_timer->data = p;
@@ -278,35 +357,17 @@ krt_shutdown(struct proto *P)
 {
   struct krt_proto *p = (struct krt_proto *) P;
 
+  tm_stop(krt_scan_timer);
+
   if (!KRT_CF->persist)
     krt_flush_routes(p);
 
   krt_set_shutdown(p);
   krt_scan_shutdown(p);
 
-  /* Stop periodic interface scans */
-  tm_stop(krt_scan_timer);
-  krt_if_shutdown(p);
-  /* FIXME: What should we do with interfaces? */
-
   return PS_DOWN;
 }
 
-static void
-krt_preconfig(struct protocol *x, struct config *c)
-{
-  struct krt_config *z = proto_config_new(&proto_unix_kernel, sizeof(struct krt_config));
-
-  cf_krt = &z->c;
-  z->c.preference = DEF_PREF_UKR;
-  z->scan_time = z->route_scan_time = 60;
-  z->learn = z->persist = 0;
-
-  krt_scan_preconfig(z);
-  krt_set_preconfig(z);
-  krt_if_preconfig(z);
-}
-
 static struct proto *
 krt_init(struct proto_config *c)
 {
@@ -318,8 +379,7 @@ krt_init(struct proto_config *c)
 
 struct protocol proto_unix_kernel = {
   name:		"Kernel",
-  priority:	90,
-  preconfig:	krt_preconfig,
+  priority:	80,
   init:		krt_init,
   start:	krt_start,
   shutdown:	krt_shutdown,
diff --git a/sysdep/unix/krt.h b/sysdep/unix/krt.h
index 02814c68..bde509c1 100644
--- a/sysdep/unix/krt.h
+++ b/sysdep/unix/krt.h
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 
 struct krt_config;
 struct krt_proto;
+struct kif_config;
+struct kif_proto;
 
 #include "lib/krt-scan.h"
 #include "lib/krt-set.h"
@@ -34,8 +36,7 @@ struct krt_config {
   struct krt_scan_params scan;
   struct krt_if_params iface;
   int persist;			/* Keep routes when we exit */
-  int scan_time;		/* How often we re-scan interfaces */
-  int route_scan_time;		/* How often we re-scan routes */
+  int scan_time;		/* How often we re-scan routes */
   int learn;			/* Learn routes from other sources */
 };
 
@@ -44,7 +45,6 @@ struct krt_proto {
   struct krt_set_status set;
   struct krt_scan_status scan;
   struct krt_if_status iface;
-  int accum_time;	        /* Accumulated route scanning time */
 };
 
 extern struct proto_config *cf_krt;
@@ -60,6 +60,23 @@ void krt_got_route_async(struct krt_proto *p, struct rte *e, int new);
 #define KRT_SRC_REDIRECT 1	/* Redirect route, delete it */
 #define KRT_SRC_ALIEN	 2	/* Route installed by someone else */
 
+extern struct protocol proto_unix_iface;
+
+struct kif_config {
+  struct proto_config c;
+  struct krt_if_params iface;
+  int scan_time;		/* How often we re-scan interfaces */
+};
+
+struct kif_proto {
+  struct proto p;
+  struct krt_if_status iface;
+};
+
+extern struct proto_config *cf_kif;
+
+#define KIF_CF ((struct kif_config *)p->p.cf)
+
 /* krt-scan.c */
 
 void krt_scan_preconfig(struct krt_config *);
@@ -79,10 +96,11 @@ void krt_set_notify(struct proto *x, net *net, rte *new, rte *old);
 
 /* krt-iface.c */
 
-void krt_if_preconfig(struct krt_config *);
-void krt_if_start(struct krt_proto *);
-void krt_if_shutdown(struct krt_proto *);
+void krt_if_preconfig(struct kif_config *);
+void krt_if_start(struct kif_proto *);
+void krt_if_shutdown(struct kif_proto *);
 
-void krt_if_scan(struct krt_proto *);
+void krt_if_scan(struct kif_proto *);
+void krt_if_io_init(void);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/sysdep/unix/main.c b/sysdep/unix/main.c
index 45940fb9..5f260caa 100644
--- a/sysdep/unix/main.c
+++ b/sysdep/unix/main.c
@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
   protos_build();
   add_tail(&protocol_list, &proto_unix_kernel.n);
+  add_tail(&protocol_list, &proto_unix_iface.n);
 
   read_config();
 
diff --git a/sysdep/unix/unix.h b/sysdep/unix/unix.h
index 7b338714..2d260744 100644
--- a/sysdep/unix/unix.h
+++ b/sysdep/unix/unix.h
@@ -26,4 +26,8 @@ void io_loop(void);
 void fill_in_sockaddr(struct sockaddr_in *sa, ip_addr a, unsigned port);
 void get_sockaddr(struct sockaddr_in *sa, ip_addr *a, unsigned *port);
 
+/* krt.c bits */
+
+void krt_io_init(void);
+
 #endif